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What is a concluding sentence?

The concluding sentence is the last sentence of a paragraph. It is used for two purposes:
  1. It indicates the end of a paragraph.
  2. It reminds the reader with the main ideas of a paragraph.

How do we write a concluding sentence?

We can follow two different techniques to write a concluding sentence:
  1. We can rewrite the topic sentence in different words (paraphrasing the topic sentence).
  2. We can summarize the main ideas of a paragraph.

 Notes:
  • a) A concluding sentence does not always used while we write a paragraph, for instance, the concluding sentence is not requested for every paragraph of an essay.
  • b) A concluding sentence is usually preceded by one of the suitable linking words.

The following table shows some of the formal signals that indicate the end of a paragraph:
                                                                         
End-of-a paragrap
signals
In brief
Finally
To sum up
Indeed
Thus
In conclusion










Practice

Sample (1)


Introduction (Topic sentence)

My hometown is famous for several amazing natural features.

Body (Supporting sentences)

First, it is noted for the Wheaton River, which is very wide and beautiful. On the either side of this river, which is 175 feet wide, are many willow trees which have long branches that can move gracefully in the wind. In autumn the leaves of these trees fall and cover the riverbanks like golden snow. Also, on the other side of the town is Wheaton Hill, which is unusual because it is very steep. Even though it is steep, climbing this hill is not dangerous, because there are some firm rocks along the sides that can be used as stairs. There are no trees around this hill, so it stands clearly against the sky and can be seen from many miles away. The third amazing features is the Big Old Tree. This tree stands two hundred feet tall and is probably about six hundred years old.

To write the concluding sentence of the sample (1), we can follow one of the following steps:

Step (1)

  • a) Paraphrasing the topic sentence: My hometown is famous for several amazing natural features.

To paraphrase the topic sentence:

We are going to change the order of words, but while we are doing so, we need to avoid violating the meaning of the topic sentence above and to ensure that the new sentence is grammatically correct. Also, in this process, we sometimes need to add or cut some words. 

So, the concluding sentence may look like:

There are various amazing landmarks which make my hometown famous. (concluding sentence without a linking word)

 In conclusion, there are various amazing landmarks which make my hometown famous. (Concluding sentence with a linking word)

Step (2)

  • b) Summarizing the main points of the body:

In this case, we need to read out the main ideas mentioned in the body. 
Throughout the body, we notice that the writer indicates three main landmarks to show why his hometown is famous. These features are:

1) The Wheaton River
2) The Wheaton Hill
3) The Big Old Tree

So, the concluding sentence may be as following:

The tree landmarks, The Wheaton River, The Wheaton Hill, and The Big Old Tree add a significant value to my hometown which makes it famous. (Concluding sentence without a formal signal)

As can be seen, the tree landmarks, The Wheaton River, The Wheaton Hill, and The Big Old Tree add a significant value to my hometown which makes it famous. (Concluding sentence with a formal signal)

Sample (2)


Introduction (Topic sentence)

Modern communication technology is driving workers in the corporate world crazy. 

Body (Supporting sentences)

They feel buried under the large number of messages they receive daily. In addition to telephone calls, office workers receive dozens of e-mail and voice mail messages daily. In one company, in fact, managers receive an average of 100 messages a day. Because they do not have enough time to respond to these messages during office hours, it is common for them to do so in the evenings or on weekends at home.

  • a) Paraphrasing the topic sentence: Modern communication technology is driving workers in the corporate world crazy. 

We use different grammar and vocabulary to paraphrase the topic sentence. As result the concluding sentence may look like:

The new technology of communication is driving employees in the corporate world crazy. (Concluding sentence without a transitional word)

Thus, the new technology of communication is driving employees in the corporate world crazy. (Concluding sentence with a transitional word)

  • b) Summarizing the main ideas of the body:

1) New communication technology  increases the manners of communication, telephone calls, e-mail and voice mail messages.
2) The modern communication technology forces employees to carry out an excessive effort more than they can to handle the requests that they receive every day.

The concluding sentence may be as following:

The new communication technology forces employees to carry out an excessive effort more than they can to handle the tremendous requests that they receive daily through different communicative manners. (Concluding sentence without a linking word)

Indeed, the new communication technology forces employees to carry out an excessive effort more than they can to handle the tremendous requests that they receive daily through different communicative manners. (Concluding sentence with a linking word)